烂泥：Windbg 分析Windows蓝屏原因的方法

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蓝屏是系统崩溃。操作系统在遇到致命错误导致崩溃时，并不是直接挂掉，而是会记录下当时内存中的数据，将其存储成为dump文件，并用一串蓝屏代码向用户做出提示。

一、如何获取DUMP文件

右键点击“我的电脑”，选“属性→高级→启动和故障恢复→设置”，打开“启动和故障恢复”选项卡，在“写入调试信息”下拉列表中选中“小内存转储（64KB）”选项，如下图：

选好后点确定，下次再出现蓝屏时，系统就会存储下dump文件，一般存放位置在系统盘的minidump文件夹下。（建议在该文件夹上点右键——属性——发送到——桌面快捷方式，以后就能在桌面上找到该文件夹了）。

小知识：小内存转储

内存转储是用于系统崩溃时，将内存中的数据转储保存在转储文件中，供给有关人员进行排错分析使用。小内存转储，就是只保存内存前64KB的基本空间数据的内存转储文件。这样可以节省磁盘空间，也方便文件的查看。选好后点“确定”，这样操作系统在下次出现蓝屏时，就会记录下当时内存中的数据，并存储为dump文件，该文件存放在系统盘的minidump文件夹下。

小知识：Dump文件

Dump文件是用来给驱动程序编写人员调试驱动程序用的，这种文件必须用专用工具软件打开，比如使用WinDbg打开。

第二步，下载安装windbg并安装

http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/devtools/debugging/installx86.mspx

第三步，使用windbg诊断蓝屏错误

遇到计算机蓝屏后重启，在minidump文件夹下会出现一个以日期为文件名的文件，那就是我们要的了。接下来打开windbg软件启动，File—>Open Crash Dump,如图：

然后找到你的minidump文件夹，dump文件一般是”时间.dmp”打开后就会自动分析了。

分析完后，看最下面，找到probably caused by这一行，如图：

那个360AntiArp.sys文件就是问题所在(举例，仅供参考)，根据相关的文件名，在硬盘内查找和该文件相关的程序，排除该程序的影响后，确认是否还有蓝屏问题出现。

【注】导入dump文件分析完毕后，不要关闭，在命令行里面输入 !analyze -v ，这个命令可以查看dump文件的详细情况，对普通用户有用的还有下面一些信息：

0:000>!analyze -v

*******************************************************************************

*                                                                             *

*                        Exception Analysis                                   *

*                                                                             *

*******************************************************************************

*** WARNING: Unable to verify checksum for testflash.exe

*** ERROR: Module load completed but symbols could not be loaded for testflash.exe

*** WARNING: Unable to verify checksum for flashgame.dll

*** ERROR: Symbol file could not be found.  Defaulted to export symbols for flashgame.dll –

*** WARNING: Unable to verify checksum for yyyclient.dll

*** ERROR: Symbol file could not be found.  Defaulted to export symbols for yyyclient.dll –

*** ERROR: Symbol file could not be found.  Defaulted to export symbols for SKCHUI.DLL –

*** ERROR: Module load completed but symbols could not be loaded for xpsp2res.dll

*** ERROR: Symbol file could not be found.  Defaulted to export symbols for MSOXMLMF.DLL –

*** ERROR: Symbol file could not be found.  Defaulted to export symbols for RTXOLAss.dll –

*** WARNING: Unable to verify checksum for DS40xxSDK.dll

*** ERROR: Symbol file could not be found.  Defaulted to export symbols for DS40xxSDK.dll –

*** WARNING: Unable to verify checksum for ClientPlayM4.dll

*** ERROR: Symbol file could not be found.  Defaulted to export symbols for ClientPlayM4.dll –

*** ERROR: Symbol file could not be found.  Defaulted to export symbols for rsaenh.dll –

*** ERROR: Symbol file could not be found.  Defaulted to export symbols for safemon.dll –

*** ERROR: Module load completed but symbols could not be loaded for shdoclc.dll

*** ERROR: Symbol file could not be found.  Defaulted to export symbols for sysfer.dll –

*** ERROR: Symbol file could not be found.  Defaulted to export symbols for mswsock.dll –

*** ERROR: Symbol file could not be found.  Defaulted to export symbols for psapi.dll –

*** ERROR: Symbol file could not be found.  Defaulted to export symbols for user32.dll –

*************************************************************************

***                                                                   ***

***                                                                   ***

***    Your debugger is not using the correct symbols                 ***

***                                                                   ***

***    In order for this command to work properly, your symbol path   ***

***    must point to .pdb files that have full type information.      ***

***                                                                   ***

***    Certain .pdb files (such as the public OS symbols) do not      ***

***    contain the required information.  Contact the group that      ***

***    provided you with these symbols if you need this command to    ***

***    work.                                                          ***

***                                                                   ***

***    Type referenced: IMAGE_NT_HEADERS32                            ***

***                                                                   ***

*************************************************************************

WARNING: lient overlaps testflash

WARNING: lient overlaps flashgame

WARNING: lient overlaps yyyclient

WARNING: lient overlaps SKCHUI

WARNING: lient overlaps xpsp2res

WARNING: lient overlaps MSOXMLMF

WARNING: lient overlaps RTXOLAss

WARNING: lient overlaps Flash10

WARNING: lient overlaps DS40xxSDK

WARNING: lient overlaps ClientPlayM4

WARNING: lient overlaps rsaenh

WARNING: lient overlaps safemon

WARNING: lient overlaps shdoclc

*** WARNING: Unable to verify timestamp for lient.dll

*** ERROR: Module load completed but symbols could not be loaded for lient.dll

*************************************************************************

***                                                                   ***

***                                                                   ***

***    Your debugger is not using the correct symbols                 ***

***                                                                   ***

***    In order for this command to work properly, your symbol path   ***

***    must point to .pdb files that have full type information.      ***

***                                                                   ***

***    Certain .pdb files (such as the public OS symbols) do not      ***

***    contain the required information.  Contact the group that      ***

***    provided you with these symbols if you need this command to    ***

***    work.                                                          ***

***                                                                   ***

***    Type referenced: kernel32!pNlsUserInfo                         ***

***                                                                   ***

*************************************************************************

*************************************************************************

***                                                                   ***

***                                                                   ***

***    Your debugger is not using the correct symbols                 ***

***                                                                   ***

***    In order for this command to work properly, your symbol path   ***

***    must point to .pdb files that have full type information.      ***

***                                                                   ***

***    Certain .pdb files (such as the public OS symbols) do not      ***

***    contain the required information.  Contact the group that      ***

***    provided you with these symbols if you need this command to    ***

***    work.                                                          ***

***                                                                   ***

***    Type referenced: kernel32!pNlsUserInfo                         ***

***                                                                   ***

*************************************************************************

FAULTING_IP:

lient+528d873

0528d914 8a08            mov     cl,byte ptr [eax]

EXCEPTION_RECORD:  ffffffff — (.exr 0xffffffffffffffff)

ExceptionAddress: 0528d914 (lient+0x0528d873)

ExceptionCode: c0000005 (Access violation)

ExceptionFlags: 00000000

NumberParameters: 2

Parameter[0]: 00000000

Parameter[1]: 07889000

Attempt to read from address 07889000

DEFAULT_BUCKET_ID:  INVALID_POINTER_READ

PROCESS_NAME:  testflash.exe

【略】

———

在上面显示的详细分析数据中：

DEFAULT_BUCKET_ID: 错误类型，这个需要编程和操作系统内核知识的工程师用得上；

PROCESS_NAME: XXX.exe 这个是导致错误的进程，查出是什么文件导致的蓝屏后，再看这里就知道是谁调用了错误文件，比如你查出testflash.sys导致蓝屏，但你查不到testflash.sys是哪个程序调用的，就可以用这个方法来看看，比如查出了是testflash.exe，你就可以在机子上或者网上搜索相关信息了。

附：

windbg基本调试命令：

r：可以显示系统崩溃时的寄存器和最后的命令状态。

dd：显示当前内存地址，dd 参数：显示参数处的内存。

u：可以显示反汇编的指令

!analyze –v：显示分析的详细信息。

kb：显示call stack 内容

bugcheck：可以显示出错的代码

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